. The internet changed how they could be distributed. For both forms of entertainment, technological changes made it cheaper to produce and easier for independent artists to distribute.<\/span><\/p>\nThose same changes, however, had the opposite impact on the gaming industry. With consumer demand for enhanced graphics, audio quality and internet-based multiplayer capabilities, the cost of producing video games has exploded.<\/span><\/p>\nBudgets for game development and marketing for so-called triple-A games \u2014 those with large budgets and heavy development \u2014 are now Hollywood blockbuster-esque. Activision\u2019s Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2 cost around $50 million to produce and had a marketing budget in the order of $200 million.<\/span><\/p>\nThe most expensive game ever created, Rockstar North\u2019s 2013 Grand Theft Auto 5, was developed for a staggering $137 million, with only slightly less spent on marketing and release costs. At today\u2019s prices, that puts the total just shy of a total of $300 million.<\/span><\/p>\nBy 2018, there had been 18 games created for a total cost of at least $100 million, with Rockstar, Activision, Microsoft Studios, and Sony featuring prominently on that list of primarily franchise games.<\/span><\/p>\nThe high upfront costs and long lead times to produce games creates risks for game creators, meaning large developers and publishers have grown to dominate the industry, as startups seek out investors in an effort to compete.<\/span><\/p>\nWhile the high profile games garner a lot of the media attention, the industry should very much be considered as structured along more bipolar lines: indie games and triple-A games. And it is indie games that are attracting venture capital.<\/span><\/p>\nBlockchain has created a new funding model for games, with the ability for developers to create tokens that work across games. Block Bastards, creators of the in-beta BLOX game will be using their token, QUDO, to fund the 18-month development costs and to reward players. BLOX will run on the Telos network and, in a revenue-sharing style arrangement, players and games earn 90% of Qudo tokens generated and the company and any founding partners 10%.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\nDiogo Abreu, Marketeer\/Product Evangelist at Block Bastards explains:<\/span><\/p>\n\u201cQUDO is a blockchain-based service for games which rewards players for their activity and performance with a coin called QUDO. These QUDO tokens aim to be widely used within the industry, allowing game developers and players to generate purchasing power, without the need for in-game advertisements, while giving them the tools to empower their games\u2019 visibility. Blox uses QUDO, like any other game can do… QUDO is\u2026 open for every game developer that would like to integrate this technology into their game.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\nHowever, only a handful of indie blockchain game developers have been able to attract venture capital. William Quigley of WAX, the Worldwide Asset eXchange that bridges the physical gaps between \u201ccollectors and traders, buyers and sellers, creators and gamers, merchants, dApp creators, and game developers\u201d says that:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\u201cIndie games are funded the same way all other start-ups are funded\u2026 through a combination of personal savings, friends and family, angel investors and, in rare situations, venture capital. The personal capital of the founders is by far the number one source of funding video games.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\nThe failure rate of new games is high, so VC funds look for a 10x return from <\/span>pre-release video games, much as they would any other startup. As Quigley pointed out:<\/span><\/p>\n\u201cAn investor needs to see this level of potential upside in order to offset the strong likelihood that the video game will not succeed.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n