Many of the builders and investors in the blockchain space<\/strong> believe that the most compelling route to attracting users to the burgeoning crypto-economy is not upending the global financial order but something with significantly lesser stakes: gaming.<\/span><\/p>\n And this reasoning makes sense. Both video games and cryptocurrencies feature virtual economies running on a shared set of rules, with a user base that tends to be technically-savvy.<\/span><\/p>\n In theory, there should be less friction for blockchain’s penetration into the gaming market, but in practice, serious adoption and traction is not yet evident.<\/span><\/p>\n So what is the promise of blockchain in gaming?\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Is it the opportunity to trade items? Or are there deeper implications for unlocking value in virtual worlds shared by hundreds of millions of players?<\/span><\/p>\n While gamers have traded virtual assets for years, from Second Life’s real estate and World of Warcraft’s gold, to Dota and Fortnite’s cosmetic character skins, these virtual economies have thus far operated almost exclusively within closed, centralized marketplaces that prohibit players from exchanging with fiat currencies \u2014 or even between games.<\/span><\/p>\n Players have tried to circumvent this time and time again, resulting in jerry-rigged, untrustworthy markets subject to failure and fraud.<\/span><\/p>\n Blockchain-powered gaming can break open these marketplaces so players can freely exchange and earn real value from their work and skill without relying on third parties.<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/a><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Before delving into the blockchain side of things, let’s first outline the two core virtual properties of interest in the gaming space:<\/span><\/p>\n Overseeing these virtual economies are the video game developers who have complete control of their game world’s monetary policy and inventory database. After all, they dictate and enforce the rules of the game.<\/span><\/p>\n Does this sound familiar?<\/span><\/p>\n If the “real world” economy is run by centralized authorities who can change and adapt monetary policy on a whim outside public opinion or scrutiny, current video game economies are a microcosm of this behavior.<\/span><\/p>\n Blockchain provides a decentralized, yet secure, system for recording virtual property rights. In gaming, these properties can fall under the above categories of currencies and in-game items.<\/span><\/p>\n Imagine if Fortnite, arguably the most profitable video game of all time (bringing in over a billion dollars of revenue in its first ten months alone) was not a closed loop system but an open, democratic marketplace. V-Bucks could have an exchange rate with fiat currencies (perhaps 1:1 for ease of use), which would allow gamers to exchange their rare skins effectively for actual cash. Players could share in the value generated within the game economy and perhaps even sustain an ongoing revenue stream, all the while participating in the governance and decision-making as the game evolves. (Chris Gonsalves of ConsenSys expanded on this concept in <\/span>yesterday\u2019s NFT Week article<\/span><\/a>.)<\/span><\/p>\n While there are both regulatory and technical hurdles to building such a system, blockchain provides a compelling solution to the latter.<\/span><\/p>\n One of the most popular use cases discussed in blockchain gaming is the tokenization of in-game assets in the form of non-fungible tokens (NFTs). Basically, NFTs are unique digital assets that can represent ownership of anything from an enchanted sword in an MMORPG, to a rare trading card or a collectible virtual cat. They facilitate digital ownership of unique or limited goods.<\/span><\/p>\n The following are examples of blockchain games that use NFTs:<\/span><\/p>\n Some of these titles have analogs in popular franchises like Pok\u00e9mon and Magic the Gathering, in which collecting a rare card or creature is core to the game design. This is one way that blockchain gaming is attempting to secure adoption: bringing true digital ownership to familiar gaming experiences. But where’s the hook? Why should a player give these games any mind?<\/span><\/p>\n NFTs and cryptocurrencies within video game economies unlock new game design mechanics that allow players to earn real value from their skill. This is known as “Play2Earn” in blockchain gaming circles. Rather than companies creating their own dopamine-slot machine-casinos within their titles, they can build or opt into systems which reward skill and progression with real value, rather than siphon every cent they can from players through exploitative design.<\/span><\/p>\n A peculiar aspect of blockchain games is that the majority of them are built on open protocols which allow a degree of composability and interoperability between games and applications rarely seen in traditional game design.<\/span><\/p>\n So what happens when game developers can freely connect or build upon existing virtual economies?<\/span><\/p>\n In the blockchain gaming space there is a Russian doll-like approach to layering new games or experiences on top of one another, resulting in a highly experimental and radical approach to game design.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n The Metaverse, the concept of a shared virtual world introduced in Neal Stephenson’s influential cyberpunk novel <\/span>Snow Crash<\/span><\/i>, is a popular and useful framework that developers in blockchain gaming refer to frequently. Essentially, it is blockchain gaming’s North Star.<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\nDigital ownership in the gaming economy<\/span><\/h4>\n
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Tokenizing in-game assets<\/span><\/h4>\n
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Gaming in the Metaverse<\/span><\/h4>\n