As dark as the rising plume of thick smoke was, it couldn\u2019t possibly have conveyed the damage being done to our cultural heritage on June 1, 2008.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n The Universal Studios blaze in Los Angeles took fire crews twelve hours to extinguish. The true extent of the damage, however, would reach back through the decades, and deny future generations an immeasurable wealth of artistic expression.<\/span><\/p>\n Perhaps you wondered if, one day, the technology might exist to decipher the lyrics in the almost-unintelligible version of \u201cLouie Louie\u201d recorded by The Kingsmen, which was investigated by the FBI in 1965 after a complaint that the song was obscene. After a 31-month investigation, the agency declined to press charges. And although the lyrics were always public, we\u2019ll likely never know the truth \u2014 the master copy was incinerated.<\/span><\/p>\n An estimated half-a-million Universal Music Group master tape recordings were destroyed in the inferno. Original tracks by artists of the caliber and cultural significance of Aretha Franklin, John Coltrane, Tom Petty, and Nirvana disappeared forever. The original recording of Martin Luther King Jr.\u2019s seminal \u201cRemaining Awake During a Great Revolution\u201d speech was lost.<\/span><\/p>\n While many of the recordings had been digitized, the fidelity of the master recordings can never be replaced. As long-time sound engineer for Prince, Susan Rogers points out, “When a listener is listening to a master mix, that’s as good as it gets. Everything else from there is a copy.”<\/span><\/p>\n Almost all music is now recorded digitally, with only a handful of artists reverting to <\/span>reel-to-reel recording<\/span><\/a> for the quaint discipline it demands. The same is true of film, as professional 4K digital film cameras now rival traditional 35mm film in both resolution and dynamic range (even the British war epic <\/span>2017<\/span><\/i> was filmed with digital cameras).<\/span><\/p>\n Of course, not all art can be digitized. Live performances, and many fine arts, and installations are temporary by nature.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n But blockchain technology promises a whole new level of immortality. As a technological revolution with no single point of failure, distributed ledgers represent the first best hope of genuine data permanence.<\/span><\/p>\n For the most part, distributed ledger technology and art have had a fairly transactional relationship. The democratization of the fine art market, once steeped in elitist opacity and domination by powerful institutions, has coincided with the emergence of blockchain.<\/span><\/p>\n In late 2018, Christie\u2019s <\/span>recorded<\/span><\/a> the $317 million sale of the Barney A. Ebsworth Collection on the permissioned Artory blockchain. It was, according to the famed auction house, an experiment. The ostensible prime purpose of recording transactions of works of art on a distributed ledger is to demonstrate provenance..<\/span><\/p>\n In an industry characterized by a notorious lack of transparency, recording the sale and movement of artwork on a blockchain will boost collector confidence. Art forgery is rife, with some estimates of the number of fakes hanging in galleries, museums, and private collections running <\/span>as high as 20%<\/span><\/a>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n \nA Time Magazine article in 1990 famously reported that of the 800 canvases Camille Corot painted in his lifetime, 4,000 ended up in the United States.\u00a0<\/span><\/i>\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n As blockchain technology provides a trail of ownership and movement to the art world, passing off a fake painting as authentic could become impossible.<\/span><\/p>\n The technology is also deployed by artists from pop singers to digital art creators to protect and earn money from their intellectual property rights. Zeptagram, a music rights platform running on the <\/span>Telos<\/span> network, allows recording artists to tokenize their music rights and share profits with their fans and supporters.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\nIs blockchain technology the first best hope for artistic permanence?<\/b><\/h4>\n
Provenance and intellectual property<\/b><\/h4>\n